Artificial Intelligence:
The development and application of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.
- Machine Learning: A subfield of AI that focuses on the development of algorithms and statistical models that enable systems to learn from data. Example: Google's search algorithm.
- Natural Language Processing: A subfield of AI that focuses on the ability of computer systems to understand, interpret, and generate human language. Example: Siri, Alexa
- Computer Vision: A subfield of AI that focuses on the ability of computer systems to understand and interpret visual information from the world. Example: self-driving cars, facial recognition technology
- Robotics: A subfield of AI that focuses on the design and development of robots, which are capable of performing tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously. Example: Industrial robots, drones.
Cloud Computing:
The delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet ("the cloud") to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): A cloud computing service model in which a third-party provider delivers hardware, storage, and networking resources over the Internet. Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS)
- Platform as a Service (PaaS): A cloud computing service model in which a third-party provider delivers a platform for developing, running, and managing applications over the Internet. Example: Google App Engine
- Software as a Service (SaaS): A cloud computing service model in which a third-party provider delivers software applications over the Internet. Example: Salesforce, Office 365
The practice of protecting internet-connected systems, including hardware, software, and data, from attack, damage, or unauthorized access.
- Network Security: The practice of protecting a computer network from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. Example: firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems
- Endpoint Security: The practice of protecting individual devices, such as laptops and smartphones, from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. Example: antivirus software, mobile device management
A distributed ledger technology that enables secure and transparent transfer of digital assets without the need for a central authority.
- Cryptocurrency: A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security and operates independently of a central bank. Example: Bitcoin, Ethereum
- Smart Contracts: A self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. Example: Supply chain management, Real estate transactions
The network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data.
- Smart Home: The use of IoT technology to control and automate household appliances and systems. Example: Google Home, Amazon Echo
- Industrial IoT: The use of IoT technology in industrial settings to improve efficiency and productivity. Example: Predictive maintenance, Smart factories
Virtual and Augmented Reality:
The use of technology to create immersive digital environments and experiences, or to enhance the real world with digital information.
- Virtual Reality (VR): The use of technology to create a fully immersive digital environment that users can interact with using specialized equipment such as headsets. Example: Video games, Training simulations
- Augmented Reality (AR): The use of technology to overlay digital information on the real world, typically viewed through a smartphone or tablet camera. Example: Pokemon Go, IKEA Place app
The fifth generation of mobile networks, offering faster speeds and more capacity than previous generations.
- High-speed data transfer: 5G networks can transfer data at much faster speeds than 4G networks, making it possible for more data-intensive applications such as streaming high-definition video.
- Low Latency: 5G networks have significantly lower latency than 4G networks, which means less delay when transmitting data. This is critical for applications such as real-time gaming, virtual reality and autonomous vehicles.
The use of quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data.
- Quantum Algorithms: Quantum computing can solve certain problems much faster than classical computers, such as factoring large numbers and searching unsorted databases.
- Quantum Cryptography: Quantum computing can also be used to develop more secure methods of encryption, making it much harder to crack the code.
The practice of processing data at or near the source of data collection, rather than sending all the data back to a central location for processing.
- Low Latency: By processing data at the edge, it is possible to reduce the time it takes for data to be analyzed and acted on, which is critical for real-time applications such as industrial automation and self-driving cars.
- Cost Savings: By processing data at the edge, it is possible to reduce the amount of data that needs to be sent back to a central location, which can save on network and storage costs.
The use of living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop new products and technologies.
- Genetic Engineering: The use of biotechnology to modify the genetic makeup of living organisms, which can be used to produce genetically modified crops, create new medicines, and even to extend human life.
- Synthetic Biology: The use of biotechnology to create new living organisms and biological systems from scratch, which can be used to produce biofuels, new medicines, and even to clean up environmental pollution.
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